Varnashrama Dharma: Char Varn aur Char Ashram

Sanatana Dharma ko kabhi-kabhi Varnashrama Dharma bhi kehte hain, kyunki ek vyakti kaise kaam karta hai aur kaise badhta hai, ye shuru se hi ismein gutha hua hai. Jise adhiktar log jaante hain, caste system, woh bigaad hai, woh cheez jo shoshan ne ismein se bana di. Ye lesson asli shiksha rakhta hai: chaar tarah ke kaam aur jeevan ke chaar charan, har vyakti ko janm se nahi balki swabhaav se diye gaye, aur aise sajaaye ki aam jeena hi aadhyatm ka prashikshan ban jaaye.

Varnashrama kya hai, aur caste system ne ise kaise bigaada?

Krishna Gita mein siddhaant saaf kehte hain: "Prakriti ke teen guno aur unse jude karm ke anusaar, maine maanav samaj ke chaar vibhaag rache. Aur halaanki main is vyavastha ka rachayita hoon, tum jaano ki main phir bhi akarta hoon, avikaari." (Bhagavad Gita 4.13). Kyunki ye vibhaag Bhagwan ne banaaye, ye aisi cheez nahi jise samaj bas mita de. Ek se zyada deshon ne ek varg-rahit vyavastha banaane ki koshish ki aur asafal rahe, kyunki varg bas satah ke neeche phir ubhar aate hain. Jahan sab ko baraabar ghoshit kiya gaya, wahan bhi purohit aur paadri the, vyaapaari the, sainik aur shaasak the, aur shramik kaam karte the. Ek samaj in swaabhaavik vibhaagon ke bina sach mein chal nahi sakta.

Varnashrama ke andar do shabd hain. Varna samaj ka varg hai, woh kaam jiske liye vyakti uchit hai. Ashrama jeevan ka charan hai, woh aadhyatmik ritu jisse vyakti guzar raha hai. Chaar varn hain brahmana, kshatriya, vaishya, aur shudra. Chaar ashram hain brahmacharya, grihastha, vanaprastha, aur sannyasa. Apne varna ke saath aane wale kartavya sva-dharma kehlaate hain, "apna kartavya," aur ve shareer aur is jeevan se jude hote hain.

Shastra chaaron varn ko ek hi shareer ke angon se milata hai. Shareer ko sir, baahein, pet aur paair chaahiye, aur koi ang doosre se zyada zaroori nahi, kyunki akela sir paairon ke bina kahin nahi jaata. Isi tarah ek samaj ko chalne ke liye chaaron varg chaahiye, aur baat sahyog ki hai, ooonch-neech ki nahi.

Ab woh hissa jo sabse zyada maayne rakhta hai. Krishna ek vyakti ko varna do cheezon se dete hain, guna, uske vyaktigat gun, aur karma, ek tarah ke kaam ke liye uski yogyata. Ve ek baar bhi nahi kehte ki ye janm se tay hai. Yahi poori shiksha ka asli mod hai, kyunki caste system ko janm se jod kar bigaada gaya. Brahmin varg ne ghoshit kiya ki brahmana ke ghar janma aadmi chahe kitna bhi bura kare brahmana hi rehta hai, aur shudra ke ghar janma aadmi chahe kitna sanskaari ho shudra hi rehta hai. Ye kabhi maqsad tha hi nahi. Varna swabhaav ka anusaran karta hai, us parivaar ka nahi jismein aap paida hue.

Chaar ashram, jeevan ke charan, kya hain?

Ashram matlab "aadhyatmik sharan ki jagah." Jeevan ka har charan sirf paalne se kabra tak ka ek kadam nahi balki ek ritu hai jismein aadhyatm viksit ho sakta hai, jo varnashrama ka asli maqsad hai, ek vyakti ko is duniya mein aadhyatmik tareeke se jeena sikhaana.

Brahmacharya brahmachari vidyaarthi ka jeevan hai, pehla chauthaai-shataabdi. Vedic parampara mein baalak ghar se door ek gurukul, guru ke vidyaalay mein rehta tha, kuch had tak boarding school jaisa par pehle aadhyatmik moolyon par lakshit. Yaad karna aur kaushal maayne rakhte the, par ve charitra aur aatma-bodh ke baad aate the. Raajkumaron tak ne ye kathin prashikshan jhela, aur Bhagwan Ramachandra aur unke bhai gurukul mein rishi Vashishtha ke neeche padhe. Vidyaarthi brahmachari rehta hai, guru ke ashram mein saada jeevan jeeta hai indriya-bhog se mukt, guru ki seva karta hai, unke liye bhiksha jutata hai, aur Vedon ko sun kar atmsaat karta hai, vinamrata, anushaasan, saadgi, safaai aur komal hriday viksit karte hue. Material duniya mein bina ye gun ugaaye janm-dar-janm bitaane ke baad, ye unhe panapne ke jeevan ke do hi asli maukon mein se ek hai, doosra bahut baad mein nivritti par aata hai.

Grihastha grihasth jeevan hai. Ye eklayta ashram hai jo vipreet ling se rishte ki anumati deta hai. Grihasth ke kartavya hain kamaana aur indriyon ka bhog naitik seema mein karna na ki jangli roop se, yagya aur dhaarmik karm karna, apne parivaar ki raksha aur paalan karna, aur apne bachhon ko aadhyatmik moolya sikhaana. Shastra aakhri kartavya ko bahut zor se rakhta hai: kisi ko maa-baap, devta ya guru ban-ne ka haq nahi jab tak woh apne aashriton ko mukti na dila sake. Ek aur bada kartavya daan hai, khaaskar pavitra logon, gareebon aur pashuon ko khilaana, sabse badh kar gomata ko, goshala chalaa kar.

Vanaprastha nivritt jeevan hai, aur shabd ka matlab "van-vaasi." Jab bachhe bade ho kar bas jaate hain, aadmi dheere-dheere parivaarik kartavyon se hatta hai, apni patni ke saath ya akela, aur apna mann aadhyatm ki or modta hai, aksar teerth-yaatra par jaata hai, halaanki ab saare yaun-sambandh khatm ho jaate hain. Woh apna samay tapasya aur prayashchit ko deta hai, aur Srimad Bhagavatam ka gyaarahvaan canto is charan ka vistaar se aur atyant kathor varnan karta hai, jo Vedic maapdand hai, hamare yug mein narm. Ye ashram aadhunik duniya se lagbhag gaayab ho chuka hai.

Sannyasa tyaag ka aashram hai, aakhri charan, paramparagat roop se sirf us aadmi ke liye khula jismein brahmana ke gun hon. Woh ghar aur parivaar hamesha ke liye chhod deta hai, "saamajik roop se mrit" gina jaata hai, aur mukt vichran karta hai, sirf Bhagwan par nirbhar, saffron vastra mein, aksar sadhu kehlaata. Vastra pehnne waale sab asli nahi hote, kyunki kuch ise milne wale sammaan ke liye lete hain, jo iska maqsad nahi. Sannyasi ke kartavya hain mann aur indriyon par poora kaaboo, mann ko Param Bhagwan par tikaana, virakt aur nirbhay hona, Bhagwan par apne eklaute rakshak ke roop mein nirbhar hona, aur, sabse zaroori, aatma-bodh ka prachaar karna, khaaskar un grihasthon ko jo apne aadhyatmik kartavyon se bhatak jaate hain. Is yug mein ye aashram itna kathin hai ki bahut log ise le kar phir grihasth jeevan mein laut aate hain.

Chaar varn, samaj ke varg, kya hain?

Har varg samaj-shareer ka ek ang hai, apne kaam aur apne swaabhaavik gunon ke saath, jinhein Krishna Gita mein batate hain.

Brahmana samaj ko uski shiksha aur aadhyatmik netritva dete hain, uski drishti aur moolya tay karte hue. Unki zarooratein doosre poori karte the taaki ve aadhyatmik kaam mein lage rahein, aur unse bahut kam rakhne ki ummeed thi. Ve Vedon ka adhyayan aur shikshan karte hain, yagya karte aur doosron ko sikhaate, bhiksha lete aur daan dete, raajaon ko margdarshan dete, aur aatma aur Bhagwan ko jaante hain. Ek kartavya alag se chamakta hai: brahmana kabhi vetan wali naukri nahi leta, kyunki tankhwaah use kisi ki jeb mein daal deti hai, aur ek asli brahmana ko itna swatantra rehna chahiye ki bina darr sach keh sake. Is maap se aaj jo khud ko brahmana kehte hain unmein se adhiktar yogya na hon. Pichhle yugon mein brahmin varg yoddhaon se bhi zyada shaktishaali tha, apne aadhyatmik charitra ke bal par.

Kshatriya yoddha, raja aur prabandhak hain, samaj ke rakshak, Pandav jinka aadarsh. Ve naagrikon ki raksha karte hain, khaaskar mahilaayein, bachhe, gaay, brahmana aur boodhe, aur dhyaan rakhte hain ki log apne kartavya kar sakein aur aage badhein. Ve yuddh mein sabse aage hote hain aur kabhi bhaagte nahi, kabhi chunauti nahi thukraate, apna raajvachan nibhaate hain, apraadh se sakhti se nipat-te hain, apne raajya mein jo galat ho uski zimmedaari lete hain, apne mann aur indriyon ko jeette hain, sirf shastra ki seema mein bhog karte hain, aur apni salah brahmanon se lete hain. Ve veerta aur udaarta jaise gun viksit karte hain, aur kar le sakte hain, par daan kabhi nahi lete.

Vaishya kisaan, vyaapaari aur vyavsaayi hain, utpaadak varg. Brahmana aur kshatriya ke saath ve "dvija" (twice-born) kehlaate hain, woh yagyopaveet (janeu) sweekaar karte jo aadhyatmik diksha darshaata hai. Unka kaam gaayon ki raksha aur bhoomi jot-na, dhan rachna, apne shramikon ko achhe se rakhna, aur imaandari se vyaapaar karna hai, kshatriyon ko kar dete hue.

Shudra kaarigar aur shramik hain jo doosron ki seva karte hain, aur sirf yahi varg doosre ke neeche naukri kar sakta hai, kyunki ek vaishya tak ko aatma-nirbhar hona hai. Shudra seva karta hai, achhe kaam par garv karta hai, vafaadar rehta hai, aur saadhaaran naitik niyam nibhaata hai, vivah uska eklauta zaroori sanskaar hai. Shudra hona heenta ka chinh nahi. Ek arth mein ye sab se surakshit sthiti hai, kyunki jo hamesha seva karta hai woh vinamr rehta hai, jabki dhan vyaapaari ko, shakti yoddha ko, aur gyan tak brahmana ko ghamandi bana sakta hai, aur wahi ghamand vyakti ko nasht karta hai.

Har varna har ashram mein nahi ja sakta. Saare dvija brahmachari ban sakte hain, chaaron varg grihasth, kshatriya aur brahmana nivritt jeevan le sakte hain, aur sirf brahmin gunon waala sannyasa le sakta hai.

Varna gun se tay hota hai ya janm se?

Gun se, hamesha. Agar koi swabhaav se brahmana ke gun dikhaaye, shaanti, imaandari, gyan aur baaki, toh woh swabhaav se brahmana hai chahe yoddhaon ke parivaar mein janma ho. Aadhunik duniya chupchaap ismein sahmat hai. Agar aap kisi pratibha ke saath janme ho toh aap use nibhaane ke liye azaad ho, aur varnashrama bilkul yahi chahta hai. Doctor ke parivaar mein janm aapko doctor nahi banaata, aapko phir bhi padhna, prashikshan lena aur doctor ka mann apnaana padta hai, aur varna usi tarah chalta hai. Ye zid karna ki sirf brahmana ke ghar janma vyakti hi mandir ka purohit ban sakta hai, jab uska swabhaav brahminical na ho, bas galat hai, aur jo samaj dharma se jeena chahe use ye soch badalne mein madad karni chahiye.

Hamare yug ke liye ek sochne wali baat hai. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ne dekha ki Kali Yuga mein har koi asal mein shudra hai, kyunki shayad hi koi yogya brahmana bacha ho, koi asli kshatriya nahi jo mez ke peechhe baithne ke bajaay yuddh mein sabse aage ho, aur bade dil waale vyaapaari kam. Phir bhi, ek sach mein achha shudra hona khud Kali Yuga mein ek badi uplabdhi hai.

Shoshan ka, aur vargon ke baahar chhute logon ka kya?

Caste system ka buri tarah durupayog hua hai, aksar brahmin varg dwara, aur khud shastra un logon ki baat karte hain jo chaaron varn se baahar aate hain aur woh kaam karte hain jo koi aur nahi karega, jaise shmashaan sambhaalna. Unhe swabhaav mein rukha bataaya gaya, phir bhi usmein se kuch bhi kisi ko unke saath bura vyavhaar ka haq nahi deta. Unhe achhe se sahaara milna chahiye, kyunki samaj unki di seva par nirbhar hai, aur sach mein unke prati ek karz hai sab kuch saaf rakhne ka. Varnashrama ka maqsad kabhi shoshan nahi. Ek samaj apne alag vargon ke bina nahi chal sakta, par shoshan rukna chahiye, kyunki wahi log ko dharma se door le jaata hai.

Is lesson ke mukhya shabd

Aage le jaane ki baatein

1. Sanatana Dharma hi Varnashrama Dharma hai, chaar tarah ke kaam aur jeevan ke chaar charan.
2. Krishna kehte hain ye vibhaag unke apne hain aur isliye hain ki samaj ek swasth shareer ki tarah chal sake.
3. Varna gun aur yogyata, guna aur karma, se tay hota hai, kabhi janm se nahi. Janm-aadhaarit caste system ek bigaad hai.
4. Chaar ashram aam jeevan ko aadhyatm ki or dheere-dheere prashikshan bana dete hain.
5. Koi varg doosre se ooncha nahi, aur seva karta shudra sab se surakshit, sab se vinamr sthiti rakhta hai.
6. Vargon se baahar chhute logon ko achhe se sahaara milna chahiye, aur shoshan khatm hona chahiye.
7. Kali Yuga mein hum sab asal mein shudra hain, aur achhi seva karna hi ek badi uplabdhi hai.

Pichhla lesson: ← Tyohaar aur Ekadashi ka arth

Agla lesson: Samskara: jeevan ke sanskaar →

Poore course ki suchi par wapas jaao.