Samskara: Jeevan ke Sanskaar

Hum kehte hain ek bachhe mein "achhe sanskaar" hain, matlab us par kuch sundar chhaap padi hai. Yahi shabd ke asli arth ke kareeb hai. Ek samskaar do cheezein hai, mann par padi ek chhaap, aur woh rasm jo wahan ek achhi chhaap rakhti hai, jeevan ke modon par ki jaati. Ye sirf aupchaarikta nahi. Ye ek vyakti ko shuddh karne aur use yaatra ke ek charan se agle tak achhe se le jaane ke liye hain. Ye lesson aaj tak nibhaaye jaane wale paanch samskaaron ko chalta hai, janm se pehle se le kar mrityu ke baad tak.

Samskaar shabd ka kya matlab hai?

Jad mein, samskaar ek mansik chhaap hai. Hamara har karm mann ke kshetra mein ek sookshma nishaan chhodta hai, aur poore dhyaan se kiya gaya karm laaparwaahi se kiye gaye se kahin gehra nishaan chhodta hai. Karm dohraao aur chhaap gehri hoti jaati hai, aur theek isi tarah ek aadat banti hai. Aadat jitni mazboot, mann par hamara utna kam kaaboo jab hum uske khilaf karna chaahein, isi liye buri aadtein aasaani se lagti hain aur mushkil se chhootti hain. Inmein se kuch chhaapein pichhle janmon se aati hain, aur ve samjhati hain ki kuch cheezein humein itni swaabhaavik kyun lagti hain. Ye agle janm mein bhi le ja sakti hain.

Isi liye aadhyatmik jeevan bahut chhoti umra mein, garbh mein hi, shuru karna sabse achha hai. Samskaar ki rasmein ek anukool mann-sthiti banaane ke liye bani hain taaki ek vyakti jeevan ke ek charan se agle mein achhe se kadam rakhe. Ye dvija vargon ke liye zaroori maani jaati thin, aur paramparagat roop se kisi rasm ki upeksha vyakti ko us darje se gira sakti thi. Gehri baat ye hai ki ye rasmein vyavhaar gadhti hain, aur vyavhaar hi, janm nahi, tay karta hai ki vyakti sach mein kahan khada hai.

Paanch samskaar kaun se hain?

Kuch paramparaayein das sanskaar ginti hain, kuch solah, kuch aur zyada, par paanch aaj vyaapak roop se nibhaaye jaate hain.

Garbhadhana: garbh-dhaaran se pehle garbh ki shuddhi

Pehla samskaar bachhe ke garbh mein aane se bhi pehle shuru hota hai, aur yahi aaj sabse poori tarah bhula diya gaya. Iska maqsad pati aur patni dono ki chetna ko, bachhe ko janam dene ki koshish se pehle, pavitra karna hai, kyunki shastra batata hai ki garbh mein jis tarah ki atma aati hai woh us pal dono maa-baap ki mann-sthiti se badi had tak gadhti hai. Atma pita ke beej mein sharan leti hai aur, maa ke anda-koshika ke saath, apne liye ek khaas tarah ka shareer ugaati hai, isliye dono maa-baap ki dasha aane wale bachhe par apni chhaap chhodti hai. Garbh-dhaaran ke samay, isliye, mann shaant aur bhakti-bhara hona chahiye.

Mahabharata ise saaf dikhata hai. Jab Vyasa se do vidhwa raaniyon dwara santaan utpann karne ko kaha gaya, pehli raani us bikhre van-rishi ko dekh kar darr se aankhein moond li, aur uska putra Dhritarashtra andha janma. Doosri darr se peeli pad gayi, aur uska putra Pandu peela janma. Ek baar phir koshish karne ko kaha gaya, toh raaniyon ne apni jagah ek daasi bhej di, aur usne Vyasa ko poore aadar aur sahaj-bhaav se sweekaar kiya, isliye uska putra Vidura us yug ke sabse buddhimaan purushon mein se ek janma. Srimad Bhagavatam ek aur maamla deta hai: Kashyapa Muni ka mann vichlit tha jab unhone garbh-dhaaran kiya, aur unke do putra Hiranyaksha aur Hiranyakashipu atyant shaktishaali par krodh se mile hue nikle.

Garbh mein bachha pehle se sun aur samajh sakta hai. Iska pramaan Prahlad Maharaj hain, jinhone Satya Yuga mein, abhi maa ke garbh mein hote hue, Narada Muni ko unki maa ko updesh dete suna, aur ek mahaan bhakt janme. Jahan maa-baap kisi khaas parinaam ki kaamna karein, uske liye sateek vidhi tak hai, par is samskaar ka hriday bas yahi hai ki ek bachha apne maa-baap ki chetna mein gadhna shuru hota hai.

Jatakarma: bachhe ka swaagat

Jab bachha janmta hai, rasmon ki ek shrinkhla use duniya mein avkaar deti hai.

Janm ke samay khud pita bachhe ki jeebh par thoda ghee aur shahad rakhte hain aur uske kaan mein Bhagwan ka naam phusphusaate hain. Naam-karan, chhathe ya gyaarahvein din, ismein bachhe ko naye kapde pehnaaye jaate hain aur kul-jyotishi janm-kundli padhta hai, naam paramparagat roop se janm ke samay chandrma ki sthiti aur bachhe ki raashi se chuna jaata, geeton, kabhi havan, aur bhakton ko bhojan ke saath.

Pehla bahar nikalna, lagbhag paanch-chhah hafte par, bachhe ko soorya, phir mandir-vigrah, aur shaam ko chandrma ke darshan karaata hai. Tab tak maa aur bachha aksar ghar par rehte hain, kyunki janm dena ek kathin aur peeda-bhara pal hai aur maa ko apni taakat wapas paani hoti hai. Pehla anaaj, Annaprashana, daant nikalne ke saath lagbhag chhah maheene par aata hai, jab bachha doodh aur masle phal se aage badhta hai. Ek havan kiya jaata hai, aur Bhagwan ko agni mein bulaaya jaata hai aur phir usi paachak-agni ke roop mein bachhe ke pet mein rehne ko bulaaya jaata hai. Pehle baal, Mundan, mein navjat ke baal, ashuddh maane jaate, utaar diye jaate hain, aur ye pehli mundan kisi bhi shishu ki chhah maheene se pehle ki ja sakti hai. Par ladkon ki ek aur rasm hoti hai, ek se teen saal ki umra ke beech, jismein ek chhoti choti, sikha, sir ke peechhe chhodi jaati hai. Ye sir ke shikhar par us narm jagah ke upar hoti hai, wahi bindu jahan se ek siddh yogi praan-vaayu ko pet se, hriday aur kanth ho kar, upar kheench kar mrityu par khud ko chhod sakta hai, isliye use surakshit rakha jaata hai. Isi liye ladke ka sir munda jaata hai jabki ladki ka, jiske liye koi sikha nahi chhodni, aam taur par nahi.

Riwaaz ki ek baat. Janm ke baad, aur mrityu ke baad, ek parivaar paramparagat roop se kuch hafton tak mandir se door rehta hai, ashuddhi ka ek samay jise janm ke baad pingu aur mrityu ke baad sutak kehte hain. Iska ek samajhdaar paath vyavhaarik hai: navjat naazuk hota hai, aur bheed se guzarta ghar koi beemari le aa sakta hai, jabki mrityu aksar kisi rog se hoti thi jise phailaana nahi chahiye.

Upanayana: yagyopaveet aur doosra janm

Upanayana ek ladke ka uske varna mein aupchaarik pravesh darshaata hai, aur iske saath woh "dvija" ban jaata hai. Pehla janm maa-baap se hai, aur doosra guru se, kyunki is rasm mein ladka ek aadhyatmik shikshak ko apna pita aur Vedon ko apni maa maanta hai. Khud shabd ka matlab "paas baithna" hai, ladka guru ki sharan leta hai. Ye aam taur par aath aur baarah ki umra ke beech hota hai, aur paramparagat roop se phir ladka guru ke ashram, gurukul, chala jaata, jaise khud Ramachandra aur unke bhai gaye, Vedon ka adhyayan aur charitra-nirmaan karne, saada jeete hue.

Rasm baal mundti hai, ladke ko nahlaati hai, aur naye kapde pehnaati hai. Woh apni maa se thodi bhiksha maangta hai, ek havan hota hai, aur use janeu, yagyopaveet, diya jaata hai, jo jeevan bhar pehna jaata, beech-beech mein badla par naya pehnne se pehle kabhi nahi utaara jaata. Purohit ya guru se woh Gayatri mantra sunta hai, apne doosre janm ke chinh ke roop mein ek aadhyatmik naam paata hai, aur Gayatri ko din mein teen baar, bhor, dopahar aur saandhya, jaapne ka vrat leta hai. Ved kehte hain ki Gayatri mann hi mann jaapi jaati hai, aur use zor se kehne ka koi laabh nahi. Woh Vedon ka adhyayan karne, apne guru ki seva karne, aur brahmacharya samet kuch vrat nibhaane ki pratigya leta hai, aur rasm guru ko ek bhent, dakshina, se khatm hoti hai. Ek alag samskaar kabhi shiksha ke aarambh ko darshaata tha, aur ab dono aksar mila diye jaate hain. Aaj vyavhaar mein yagyopaveet mukhya roop se kuch khaas samudaayon mein hi rakha jaata hai, ya un logon dwara liya jaata hai jo purohit ban-ne wale hon.

Vivaha: vivah

Vivah bahut logon ke liye sab se zaroori samskaar hai. Joda jeevan bhar saath rehta hai, ya jab tak pati tyaag-aashram na le, aur talaq ki ismein koi jagah nahi, ek shabd jo Vedic shastron mein aata hi nahi. Rishte bujurg tay karte the aur jyotish se taulte the, aur chahe aadhunik soch ise thukraaye, aise vivah kam se kam prem-vivah jitne, aur aksar usse behtar, tikte hain. Vadhu aksar usi varna aur usi jati, vyavsaayik upvarg, mein milaayi jaati thi, mel ke liye, aur shastra ne mahila ko oonche varna mein vivah ki anumati di par neeche mein nahi.

Rasm lambi hai aur kshetra se badalti hai, par uske saanjhe dhaage ye hain: var ka swaagat, jode ka phool-maala badalna, kanya ka kanyaadaan, pavitra agni par haathon ka milna, jode ka uski parikrama aur Bhagwan ki or saath saat phere lena, var ka vadhu ki maang mein kumkum bharna aur mangalsutra baandhna, aur bujurgon ka ashirvaad. Kuch paramparaon mein joda saat pheron ke bajaay agni ki chaar parikrama karta hai, aur aakhri parikrama mein patni aage chalti hai, woh ek hi pal jab woh apne pati se aage hoti hai. Iske saath do chetaawaniyaan aati hain. Ladkiyon ka kabhi bahut jaldi vivah unki raksha ke liye hota tha, aur jahan ye unhe upeksha aur an-padh rakhne mein phisal gaya, wahan ye asli shoshan ban gaya, mahilaaon aur samaj dono ke liye bura. Aur dahej, praacheen kaal se ek pita ke sneh ka chinh aur Krishna ke samay se hi vadhu ki apni niji sampatti, itni buri tarah durupayog hua ki use 1961 mein gair-kaanooni kar diya gaya. Jo kuch diya jaaye woh aaj bhi vadhu ka hai, uski raksha ke liye.

Antyeshti: antim sanskaar

Aakhri samskaar shareer ki mrityu par aata hai, halaanki atma khud kabhi nahi marti, aur ek arth mein poora jeevan apne charanon aur rasmon ke saath isi paar-yaatra ki taiyaari hai. Shareer ko lagbhag hamesha jalaaya jaata hai. Sirf chhote bachhon aur santon ke shareer, jo pehle se shuddh maane jaate hain, dafnaaye jaate hain. Jalaana bichhdi atma ko us shareer ke prati lagav chhodne aur jaldi aage badhne mein madad karta hai, kyunki atma aksar lagav se atki rehti hai, na sirf shareer se balki shok-magn rishtedaaron se. Isi liye humein mrityu par bahut na rone ko kaha jaata hai, kyunki hamara shok atma ko rok sakta hai.

Rasmein jitni jaldi ho sake ki jaati hain, Bharat mein ghanton mein. Shareer ko rishtedaar nahlaate hain, naye vastra pehnaate hain, phoolon se sajate hain, mukh mein Ganga-jal ki ek boond aur Tulsi-patta rakha jaata hai, aur use bhajanon ke saath, aksar Rama ke, shmashaan le jaaya jaata hai. Bada putra chita jalaata hai, ya uske na hone par putri ya pota, ya sabse achha ek brahmin purohit, jabki atma ki anantta par, Bhagavad Gita ke doosre adhyaay se, shlok padhe jaate hain. Lagbhag teen din baad bada putra asthiyaan ikathi kar ke Ganga ya kisi aur pavitra nadi mein pravaahit karta hai.

Lagbhag terah din ka shok-kaal aata hai, jismein parivaar ritu-roop se ashuddh rehta hai, dhaarmik karyon aur kuch bhojanon se door, woh samay ghar par shok bahane ke liye taaki koi an-baha dukh na ruke. Par ye rasmein bichhde ke liye zyada hain, shok-grast ke liye kam, atma ki ek behtar astitva ki or yaatra ko sahaj karne ko. In dino parivaar atma ke liye bhojan aur jal rakhta hai, jiski use yaatra par zaroorat hoti hai, kabhi gaayon aur kauwon ke zariye arpit karte. Terah din ek arth rakhte hain: unmein se baarah ek poore saal ke pratik hain, ek din ek maheene ka, woh samay jo atma Yamaraja ki or jaate hue dwaaron se guzarne mein leti hai, jise woh terahvein din pahunchti, uske sammaan mein ek bhoj ke saath. Sabse zaroori arpan, Shraddha, mrityu ki pehli varshgaanth par hota hai, jab pake chaawal ki pinda Bhagwan ko aur unke maadhyam se bichhdi atma ko arpit ki jaati hai.

Is lesson ke mukhya shabd

Aage le jaane ki baatein

1. Samskaar do cheezein hai, mann par ek chhaap aur woh rasm jo ek achhi chhaap rakhti hai, aur hamari aadtein aur charitra aisi hi chhaapon se bante hain.
2. Vyavhaar, in rasmon se gadha, na ki janm, tay karta hai ki vyakti kahan khada hai.
3. Aaj paanch samskaar nibhaaye jaate hain, garbh se pehle Garbhadhana se le kar mrityu par Antyeshti tak.
4. Garbh-dhaaran par maa-baap ki chetna aane wali atma ko gadhti hai, aur garbh mein bachha pehle se sunta hai.
5. Upanayana guru se "doosra janm" deta hai, yagyopaveet aur Gayatri mantra ke saath.
6. Vivah ek jeevan-bhar ka bandhan hai, aur dahej, jise durupayog ne gair-kaanooni banaaya, hamesha vadhu ki apni raksha ke liye tha.
7. Antim-sanskaar shok-grast se zyada bichhdi atma ki seva karte hain, uski saal-bhar ki aage ki yaatra ko sahaj karte.

Pichhla lesson: ← Varnashrama dharma

Agla lesson: Vishnu ke das avatar →

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