Bhagavad Gita Saar mein: Saare Atharah Adhyaay

Bhagavad Gita, sab se badh kar, is duniya mein kaise jiyein iska margdarshak hai. Ise sirf padhne ke liye nahi balki adhyayan karne ke liye banaya gaya hai, kyunki jo vyakti ise sach mein samajh leta hai woh jeevan jo bhi laaye uska saamna kar sakta hai aur phir bhi Param se naata bachaye rakhta hai. Ye lesson saare atharah adhyaayon mein, ek-ek kar ke, chalta hai, poori Gita ko ek hi naksha mein sahejte hue. Ye lamba hai kyunki Gita badi hai, par har adhyaay ka ek saaf vishay hai, aur ek baar dekh lo ki ve kaise jude hain, kitaab khul jaati hai.

Gita ka dhaancha

Adhyaayon se pehle, banawat dekho. Atharah adhyaay teen-teen chhah ke samuhon mein bant-te hain, aur kram soch-samajh kar hai.

Bhakti beech mein baithti hai, ek or karm se aur doosri or gyan se ghiri, kyunki bhakti woh hriday hai jise baaki do raksha dete hain. Poori kitaab paanch vishayon par bhi ghoomti hai: Ishvara, Bhagwan; jeev, aatma; prakriti, material prakriti; kala, samay; aur karma, karm. In paanchon mein se, sirf ek hamare badalne ki hai, aur woh hai karma. Apne karm badlo aur tum apni niyati badal dete ho.

Adhyaay 1 se 6: karm ka maarg

Adhyaay 1, Arjuna ka sankat. Yuddh shuru hone wala hai, aur Arjuna Krishna se rath ko maidaan ke beech le jaane ko kehta hai taaki dekh sake kaun ladne aaya hai. Ek chaunkaane wali baat pehle hi ho chuki hai, kyunki Param Bhagwan apne bhakt ka saarathi ban-ne ko raazi ho gaye hain, bhakti ki shakti se vash mein, jo Bhagwan tak ko vash mein karti hai. Krishna rath ko seedhe Bhishma ke saamne le jaate hain, us maidaan ke sab se shaktishaali yoddha aur Arjuna ke apne priya dada, aur Arjuna toot jaata hai. Bhagwan ne use theek us cheez ke aamne-saamne la diya jiska saamna karna use sab se mushkil hai, aur ve hamare saath bhi yahi karenge, par ve use sehne ki shakti bhi dete hain. Arjuna na ladne ke apne kaaran undelta hai, daya, jeet ka khaalipan, uska paap, parivaar aur parampara ka naash, aur Krishna lagbhag kuch nahi kehte. Hum bhi yahi karte hain. Hum Bhagwan ko batate hain ki humein kya chahiye aur unhe hamari zindagi kaise theek karni hai, aur kabhi ruk kar unhe jawab dene nahi dete.

Adhyaay 2, Gita chhote mein. Ab Arjuna dekhta hai ki samasya uske sambhaalne se badi hai, aur woh sharan mein aata hai. Tabhi Bhagwan bolna shuru karte hain, kyunki shishya sun-ne ko taiyaar hai. Krishna seedhe aadhyatmik dharatal par jaate hain aur poori Gita ka pehla updesh dete hain: hum ye shareer nahi, hum aatma hain. Ve Arjuna se kehte hain ki ye saare raja pehle the, abhi hain, aur aage bhi rahenge, aur Arjuna bhi aur ve khud bhi, kyunki aatma sanatan hai. Ye adhyaay, bahattar shloko ka sab se lamba, poori kitaab ka saar hai. Ye aatma ki shaashwatta ko shareer ke virudhh sthaapit karta hai, ye kartavya ko do tarah se sthaapit karta hai, mile hue shareer ka kartavya aur Sanatana Dharma mein aatma ka kartavya, aur ye sthita-prajna ka chitra khinchta hai, woh sthir vyakti jo us kartavya ko poori tarah nibhaata hai, woh kaise baithta hai, bolta hai, apni indriyon ko thaame rakhta hai, ek uksaane wali sthiti se kaise milta hai. Agar koi sirf yahi adhyaay padhe, uske paas Gita hogi.

Adhyaay 3, karma yoga. Ye apne hi kartavyon se Bhagwan se judne ki vidhi hai. Param ke aanand ke liye, bina swaarthi mansha ke, karm karo, aur wahi kaam jo kabhi baandhta tha tumhein mukt kar deta hai. Iske virudhh hai karma kanda, puraskaar ke liye kiya gaya anushthaan, devtaon ke saath ek vyapaarik sauda, "main tumhein pujta hoon, tum mujhe do," jo na bhakti hai na yoga. Har karm ya toh baandhta hai ya mukt karta hai, aur khaana sab se saaf udaharan hai. Maans, machhli, aur ande ek vyakti ko bahut buri tarah baandhte hain, aur shaakahaari bhojan bhi baandhta hai agar use bina arpit kiye khaaya jaaye, par Bhagwan ko arpit bhojan prasad ban jaata hai, unse abhinn, aur use khaana mukt karta hai. Pehle se mukt log bhi, jaise raja Janaka, doosron ke liye udaharan rakhne ko apna kartavya karte rehte hain. Jab Arjuna poochhta hai ki vyakti ko paap karne kaun dhakelta hai, Krishna bina jhijhak naam lete hain: kama, vaasna, aur ise jaldi se niptaana hai.

Adhyaay 4, divya gyan. Aadhyatmik gyan shruti hai, "jo suna gaya," puraane yugon mein sun kar, yaad rakh kar, aur use bina badle aage de kar le jaaya gaya. Vedic chhavi ye hai ki hum kaanon se Bhagwan ko dekh sakte hain, kyunki hamari aankhein kamzor ho sakti hain par kaan unhe grahan kar sakta hai. Ye gyan parampara ke zariye utarta hai, guru se shishya tak, aur woh shishya khud guru ban-ta hai, jo theek wahi tareeka hai jisse Gita khud hum tak aayi hai. Adhyaay karm ko teen prakaar mein baant-ta hai: karma, vidhit karm, vikarma, varjit karm, aur akarma, woh karm jo koi pratikriya nahi chhodta kyunki woh aadhyatmik hai, phir wahi prasad. Aur ye zor deta hai ki hum sab ko apni unnati ke margdarshan ke liye ek guru chahiye, chahe ek aupchaarik diksha-guru ho ya ek shikshak jisse hum bas seekhte hain.

Adhyaay 5, karm ko pooja banana. Arjuna is saare tyaag ki baat se uljh jaata hai, toh Krishna use dikhaate hain ki kaam ko pooja kaise banaayein, har karm baahar se karte hue par andar se uske phal ko chhod kar. Ye nishkama karma yoga hai, jahan parinaam Bhagwan ko saunp diye jaate hain, aur iska phal ek kathin aur sundar bodh hai: hum karta nahi hain. Hum ichchha karne wale hain. Hum chahte hain, aur shareer ki machinery, material prakriti aur devtaon dwara chalaai, us chaah ko karm mein le jaati hai. Jab main apna haath uthaata hoon toh use uthaane ki ek ichchha thi, par uthaana mujhse pare shaktiyon dwara hota hai, aur aatma sirf kayi kaarkon mein se ek hai. Bhagwan mein sharan li aatma ko saare praani ek samaan dikhte hain, aur yahan Krishna dhyaan-maarg ka pehla sanket aur shaanti ka sutra dete hain.

Adhyaay 6, dhyaan ka maarg. Ab tapasvi yogi ka sakht niyam, aasan, praanaayaam, lamba dhyaan. Aaj laakhon log iske tukde vyaayaam ke roop mein karte hain, aur shareer ke liye usmein asli laabh hai, par yoga ka matlab Bhagwan se judna hai, aur Bhagwan ke bina yoga sirf vyaayaam hai. Mann, Krishna kehte hain, hamara sab se achha mitra ya sab se bura shatru hai is par nirbhar ki woh vash mein hai ya nahi, aur Arjuna sachchai se jawab deta hai ki hawa ko thaamna mann ko thaamne se aasaan hoga. Jisne bhi dhyaan karne baitha hai use pata hai, mann ek minute mein gaayab, raat ke khaane ya television ki or. Krishna sikhaate hain use kaise saadhein, aur jab Arjuna poochhta hai ki us saadhak ka kya hota hai jo ye maarg shuru kar ke chook jaata hai, na is duniya ka na agle ka, Krishna use aashvasta karte hain ki aisi aatma kabhi haar nahi-wali, aur jodte hain ki saare yogiyon mein bhakti karne wala sab se ooncha hai.

Adhyaay 7 se 12: bhakti ka maarg

Adhyaay 7, Param ko jaanna. Yahan beech ka hissa khulta hai, aur bhakti ki sab se saral paribhaasha aati hai: bhakti tab hai jab Bhagwan hamare astitva ka kendra hota hai. Krishna param satya hain aur woh shakti jo sab kuch sambhaalti hai, material aur aadhyatmik, aur unnat log unke sharan mein aate hain jabki doosre apne mann ko chhote poojya-vastuon ki or modte hain. Bhakti ke saare angon mein, sun-na sab se mahatvapoorn hai, Bhagwan ke baare mein dhyaan se sun-na. Krishna dikhaate hain ki ve duniya mein kahan upasthit hain, sab kuch ek saath thaame jaise dhaaga maala ke moti thaame rakhta hai, aur ve un logon ke prakaar batate hain jo unke paas aate hain aur jo nahi, aur devtaon ki pooja, ek vishay jise Gita phir kholegi.

Adhyaay 8, ant mein untak pahunchna. Arjuna apna sab se kathin sawaal poochhta hai, mrityu ke pal Krishna ko kaise jaanein aur yaad rakhein. Bahut log mrityu par sochna bhayaavah maante hain, phir bhi ye un chaar dushwaariyon mein se ek hai jise koi nahi bachta, janm, mrityu, budhaapa, aur rog, aur hum bhool jaate hain ki ye kitni nishchit hai. Krishna kunji dete hain: mrityu ke pal jo chetna-dasha vyakti rakhta hai, wahi use agle janm mein milti hai, uski chetna aur uske karm ke saath. Ve batate hain ki alag-alag saadhak kahan jaate hain, aur alag-alag samay par jaane waalon ke ujle aur andhere maarg. Vyavhaarik seekh ye hai ki mrityu ko sab se zaroori pareeksha maano, jiske liye ek raat pehle ratta nahi maara ja sakta. Bhakti ab shuru karo, jab tak taiyaari ka samay hai, taaki Bhagwan us pal mann mein hon jab sab se zaroori hai.

Adhyaay 9, raazon ka raja. Jaise moti apne seep mein chhupta hai, Gita ka saar uske beech mein jada hai, aur navma adhyaay wahi saar hai, saare gyan ka raja aur raazon ka sab se bada raaz. Krishna apne baare mein sab se gopniya satya apne vishwast mitra ko kholte hain. Ve achintya hain, poori tarah samajhna asambhav, aur baat unhe samajhna nahi balki unse prem karna hai, kyunki bhakti ke zariye ve hriday mein khud ko prakat karte hain. Ve Bhagwan ke baare mein aam galat-fehmiyon ko hata dete hain aur sirf apni pooja sthaapit karte hain. Aur ve ek vachan dete hain jo hum sabko chhoota hai, kyunki hum mein koi nishkalank nahi: woh bhi jisne galti ki ho, agar woh mud kar sachche dil se bhakti apnaaye, sant-jano mein gina jaaye.

Adhyaay 10, Bhagwan ka vaibhav. Log kehte hain ki ve Bhagwan ko dekh nahi sakte, isliye vishwaas nahi karenge. Par hum hawa bhi nahi dekh sakte, aur saans lete hue uspe shak nahi karte. Hum Bhagwan ko cheezon ki vyavastha se jaante hain, kyunki itni vishaal aur theek vyavastha ke peechhe ek haath hona chahiye, aur koi sanyog ise bana nahi sakta. Kyunki Arjuna unka mitra hai, Krishna apni prakriti aur kholte hain, aur jo virodhi hai use ve kuch nahi dikhaate. Poori Gita ke saar-shlok yahin baithte hain, jahan ve batate hain ki ve sab ke srot kaise hain, unke bhakt unmein kaise jeete hain, aur ve khud ko prakat kar ke unke agyaan ko kaise jala dete hain. Phir ve un jaghon ke naam lete hain jahan ve pehchaane ja sakte hain, prakaashon mein soorya, taaron mein chandra, parvaton mein Himalaya, nadiyon mein Ganga, vrikshon mein bargad, dhwaniyon mein Om, chhandon mein Gayatri, aksharon mein 'A' akshar, raazon mein maun, aur aage-aage, ye keh kar ki apne ek hi ansh se ve poore brahmand ko thaame hain. Jab ve kehte hain "Pandavon mein main Arjuna hoon," unka matlab hai ki Arjuna mein bhakti aur shakti unki hai, na ki Arjuna Bhagwan hai.

Adhyaay 11, vishwaroop. Sab se puraana vivaad ye hai ki Bhagwan saakaar hain ya nirakaar, nira prakaash ya apni prakriti waale ek vyakti. Krishna ise tay kar dete hain. Ve dono roop mein aate hain, par ve saaf kehte hain ki unka do-bhuja roop, bansuri liye, mool hai, aur nirakaar prakaash usi vyakti par tika hai. Arjuna ke aagrah par ve Vishwarupa, vishwaroop, dikhaate hain, taaki aane wali peedhiyaan kisi bhi aise ko parakh sakein jo jhooth-mooth Bhagwan hone ka daawa kare. Arjuna dehal jaata hai, us roop mein saari senaayein kuchli jaati dekh kar, aur woh kshama maangta hai ki usne Krishna ko ek saamanya mitra maana, ek bistar aur ek thaali baant-te, unse mazaak karte. Phir woh komal roop wapas maangta hai, aur Krishna laute hain, pehle chaar-bhuja Vishnu mein aur phir mool do haathon mein, ye keh kar ki ye roop sirf shuddh bhakti se dikhta hai.

Adhyaay 12, bhakti-seva. Bahuton ke liye sirf bees shloko ka ye chhota adhyaay sab se priya hai, jo wahi gyan rakhta hai jo aatma ko ghar le jaata hai. Arjuna aakhir poochhta hai ki saakaar ya nirakaar mein se kiska pujan behtar hai, aur Krishna bina ghuma-phira kar jawab dete hain: saakaar behtar hai, kyunki nirakaar maarg ek deh-dhaari ke liye bahut kathin hai. Phir aati hai unki komalta. Apna mann mujh par tikao, ve kehte hain, aur tum mujh tak pahunchoge. Nahi kar sakte? Toh bhakti ke abhyaas karo. Nahi? Toh mere liye kaam karo. Nahi? Toh kam se kam apne kaam ke phal mujhe do. Itna bhi nahi? Toh dhyaan karo, thoda jaap karo. Phir bhi kathin? Toh bas mere baare mein kuch gyan paa lo. Ve baar-baar danda neeche karte hain, hamare hitaishi aur pita, lacheele kyunki ve jaante hain ki hum zara naatkhat hain. Aur ve un gunon ke naam lete hain jo ek bhakt ko unhe priya banaate hain, ek se upar baar-baar chaar baar lautte hain, sthir hona, sukh aur dukh mein achal, na kathin samay mein kuchle na achhe mein bah jaate, ye jaante ki ye duniya kshanik hai.

Adhyaay 13 se 18: gyan ka maarg

Adhyaay 13, kshetra aur uska gyaata. Antim chhah adhyaay gyan ki or mudte hain, woh gyan jo humein duniya se dheela karta hai aur Krishna se baandhta hai. Arjuna Krishna se kuch shabd paribhaashit karne ko kehta hai, prakriti aur purusha, prakriti aur bhokta, kshetra, shareer ek karm-kshetra ke roop mein, aur kshetrajna, us kshetra ka gyaata, saath mein gyan khud aur uska lakshya. Krishna Bhagwan ki prakriti, aatma ki prakriti, aur aatma material prakriti mein kaise gati karti hai, sab kholte hain. Ye sab se daarshanik adhyaay hai, aur ye us paathak ko phal deta hai jo hum kya hain ismein gehra dekhna chahta hai.

Adhyaay 14, teen gun. Teen gunon par ek shaastriya adhyaay, sattva, raja, aur tama, jo har us cheez ko rang dete hain jo hum dekhte, sunte, chakhte, chhoote aur soonghte hain, aur har bhaav aur aadat gadhte hain. Hum maante hain ki hum swatantra ichchha se karm karte hain, par sach mein hum us gun ke anusaar karm karte hain jo humein pakad rakhta hai, aur jab tak koi teeno ke upar na uthe ve use duniya mein phansaaye rakhte hain, kyunki sattva, teeno mein sab se ooncha, bhi ek bandhan hai. Adhyaay batata hai ki gun kya hain, kaise kaam karte hain, har ek ke neeche vyakti kaise vyavhaar karta hai, aur unke paar kaise chadhein. Is adhyaay ko achhi tarah samjho, kaha jaata hai, aur tum janm-mrityu se baahar nikalne ki kunji rakhte ho.

Adhyaay 15, Param Purush. Bahuton dwara rozana jaapa jaane wala, ye adhyaay saare Vedic gyan ka asli maqsad batata hai: material duniya ke uljhaav se chhutkaara. Yahi hamari badi samasya hai, ki hum har cheez se jude hain, apne khaane aur phone se, apne parivaar, gaadiyon, gharon se. Krishna ek chhavi dete hain jaadu todne ko. Ek yaatri ki kalpna karo jo ek chhote thaharaav ke liye hotel ke kamre mein aata hai aur deewaarein rangne, furniture khareedne, bathroom badalne, parivaar ki tasveerein taangne lagta hai. Ek kshanik kamre mein lambe samay ke liye banaana bekaar hai, aur phir bhi yahan hum theek yahi karte hain. Duniya, ve kehte hain, aadhyatmik duniya ka ek vikrit pratibimb hai, jaise ek bargad ka ped jiski jadein upar badhti aur shaakhaayein neeche latakti, asli ka ek ulta chitra. Ve apne lok ki ek jhalak dete hain, aur yaad dilaate hain ki ve humein har star par sambhaalte hain, hamari saans waali hawa tak aur woh shaant shakti jo hamare sone par hamara bhojan pachaati hai.

Adhyaay 16, divya aur aasuri. Jo manmaani se jeete hain, shastra ko andekha kar, aasuri gun le lete hain aur neeche janmon mein girte hain, jabki jo divya gunon aur shaastriya niyam se jeete hain unnati ki or uthte hain. Puraane yugon mein dono prakaar saaf alag the, alag lokon, deshon, deha tak mein, par Kali ke is yug mein rekha itni dhundli ho gayi hai ki divya aur aasuri ab ek hi vyakti ke andar rehte hain. Adhyaay sant-gunon ko rakhta hai aur aasuri gunon ka vishleshan karta hai, un bhaavon ko khol kar jo chup-chaap ek vyakti ka aadhyatmik jeevan naash karte hain, aur baahar ka raasta dikhaata hai. Agar kabhi apni uplabdhiyon par garv ubhre, yahi adhyaay padhna chahiye, kyunki ye tumhein vaastavikta par wapas le aata hai.

Adhyaay 17, shraddha ke bhed. Hum mein se zyada na poori tarah divya hain na poori aasuri balki dhusar rang, kai chehre pehnte, aur jo chehre hum pehnte hain ve hamari shraddha kholte hain, jispe hum sach mein bharosa karte aur mol dete hain. Hamari shraddha us gun ka anusaran karti hai jisse hum jude hain, aur adhyaay ise roz-marra ki cheezon ke zariye dikhaata hai. Bhojan gunon se bant-ta hai, sada, maans-bhojan, aur mushroom tama mein, atyant teekha aur tikha, pyaaz-lehsun ke saath, raja mein, aur poshak aur svaasthyaprad sattva mein. Waise hi tapasya, tama mein khud ko peeda dena, raja mein puraskaar ke liye dikhaava, aur sattva mein kartavya ke roop mein anushaasan. Aur waise hi daan, tama mein galat jagah diya, raja mein pehchaan ke liye, aur sattva mein sahi vyakti ko sahi jagah aur sahi samay par diya.

Adhyaay 18, sannyas ki siddhi. Sab se lamba adhyaay aur samaapan sab kuch sahej kar ek bindu par le aata hai. Satya par satya rakhne ke baad, Krishna apna param updesh dete hain, bhakti yoga apnao, woh ek abhyaas jo pehle ko chhod kar har adhyaay mein buna hai. Us chetna mein ek vyakti ko sthaayi sukh milta hai, aur woh kisi bhi paristhiti mein muskura sakta hai, ye nishchit ki muskuraata Krishna uska sthir saathi aur sanatan mitra hai. Yahi Gita ka asli raaz hai, ki ek dukhdaayi ya anachaha mod bhi Bhagwan ki kripa hai, aur jo ise dekhta hai woh niraasha mein nahi doobta, kyunki use pata hai ki Bhagwan uska ekmaatra hitaishi hai aur uske khilaf kabhi kuch nahi karega. Adhyaay karm ke paanch kaaran aur gunon ke anusaar teen prakaar ke gyan, karm, aur sukh ko dhakta hai, aur varnashrama vyavastha ko chhoota hai, aur phir aata hai antim vachan: saare dharmon ko chhod kar sirf mere sharan mein aao, aur main tumhaari raksha karunga, mat daro (Bhagavad Gita 18.66). Krishna jodte hain ki jo koi ye raaz unke bhakton ko samjhaata hai woh unhe sab se priya hai, ki koi sevak isse priya nahi. Gita ko doosron tak le jaana ek ooncha seva hai, aur ek vyakti ko jeevan mein kam se kam ek baar ek Gita khareed kar uphaar deni chahiye, aur agar ve ise aksar karein, Bhagwan bahut prasanna hote hain.

Is lesson ke mukhya shabd

Aage le jaane ki baatein

1. Gita is duniya mein jeene ka margdarshak hai, teen chhah-chhah mein bana, karma yoga, bhakti yoga, aur gyana yoga, beech mein bhakti suraksha mein.
2. Iska pehla paath hai ki hum shareer nahi balki sanatan aatma hain, aur adhyaay do akele poori kitaab ka saar hai.
3. Bhagwan ko arpit karm mukt karta hai, arpit bhojan prasad ban-ta hai, aur sab se gehra bodh ye ki hum ichchha karne wale hain, karta nahi.
4. Bhakti Gita ka hriday hai, sun-na uska pehla ang, aur mrityu ke pal jo mann mein hai woh tay karta hai ki hum aage kahan jaayenge.
5. Krishna ka mool roop do-bhuja bansuri-vaala hai, vishwaroop unki sarvochchta saabit karta hai, aur ve har danda neeche karte hain taaki koi bhi unke paas aa sake.
6. Teen gun use chalaate hain jise hum swatantra ichchha samajhte hain, duniya ek ulta bargad hai jisse chhutna hai, aur Kali yug mein divya aur aasuri ek hi hriday baant-te hain.
7. Gita sharanagati mein khatm hoti hai, sab chhod kar unmein sharan lo (18.66), har paristhiti ko unki kripa maan kar muskurao, aur Gita doosron ke saath baanto.

Pichhla lesson: ← Srimad Bhagavatam ki mahima

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